Open Hemorrhoidectomy With Ligasure™ Under Local or Spinal Anesthesia: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that many anorectal surgical procedures may be performed under local anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic vs spinal anesthesia in the operating room for open hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids underwent open hemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure™ between 2018 and 2020. Of them, 32 procedures were performed in the operating room under spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine and other 30 procedures were undertaken in the outpatient clinic under local anesthesia with ropivacaine. RESULTS: There were no significant differences regarding age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and Goligher's grade in between groups. No significant differences were observed in postoperative pain score (P = .85), perioperative complications (P = .51), and reoperation rate (P = .96). No recurrences and no differences in patients' satisfaction degree (P = .76) were documented at long-term follow-up in both study groups. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that open hemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure™ performed in selected patients under local anesthesia in the outpatient clinic is a well-tolerated, safe, and effective procedure.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a tertiary referral proctology center: no one should be left behind.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted healthcare delivery. We aimed to describe a novel strategy to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a tertiary referral proctology center during the first wave of infection in Italy. METHODS: All patients booked appointments at the Proctology Unit between March 9th and May 4th, 2020 were identified. Patients booked for a first visit underwent a structured remote consultation. Patients with perianal or sacrococcygeal abscesses, major anorectal bleeding, incoercible anal pain and red flags for malignancy were labelled as "non-deferrable." A flowchart was designed to comply with adequate assistance of proctologic patients. Demographics, clinical data and outcomes of in-office procedures were collected. RESULTS: On a total of 548 booked visits, 198 (36.1%) were cancelled before remote consultation. Of the remaining 350, 112 (32.0%) attended a follow-up visit. Among 238 (68.0%) patients undergoing remote consultation, 88 (25.1%) were deemed "deferrable" and 148 (42.3%) "non-deferrable." Two (0.6%) were hospitalized for COVID-19 while waiting for an outpatient visit. Twenty-five of 88 (28.4%) deferrable patients cancelled their appointment as felt no longer necessary. A total of 45 of 148 (30.4%) non deferrable patients (mean age, 46 years; 31% females) underwent in-office procedures, most often related to anal abscess and/or fistula (48.9%). Final diagnosis of malignancy occurred in four cases. A 55% increase in the number of in-office procedures was noted compared to the previous year. None of the attending patients nor staff members resulted COVID-19 positive during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the uncertainties accompanying the use of remote consultations in proctology, the results of this study may inform the development of strategies for restructuring activities in response to future emergencies of this magnitude.

Comparing Clinicopathologic Features and Surgical Treatment of Premenopausal Breast Cancer across Italy and China: Report from a Medical Exchange Program.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the differences in clinicopathologic features and surgical treatment between an Italian and a Chinese cohort of premenopausal women with breast cancer, and highlighted the potential advantages of international medical exchange projects. METHODS: Premenopausal women who underwent surgical treatment between 2012 and 2016 at one Italian and one Chinese institution participating in a medical exchange program were compared. Factors associated with the probability to receive mastectomy were determined via logistic analysis. Changes in surgical management at the Chinese institution in the period 2018-2019, after the exchange program, were also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 505 patients, 318 from Italy and 187 from China, were evaluated. The Chinese patients had more frequently advanced-stage tumours, large tumour size (30.9 vs. 18.1 mm, p < 0.01), invasive carcinoma (92.5 vs. 83.3%, p < 0.01), positive axillary lymph nodes (54.5 vs. 27.4%, p < 0.01), Her-2 positivity (36.4 vs. 22.0%, p < 0.01), and high proliferative index (55.1 vs. 30.2%, p < 0.01). Positive oestrogen receptor status and rates of triple-negative breast cancer did not differ (77.0 vs. 69.5%, p = 0.09 and 14.2 vs. 16%, p = 0.56, respectively). Mastectomy rates were higher among Chinese women (85 vs. 41%, p < 0.001), whereas use of sentinel node biopsy was more frequent among Italian women (77 vs. 33%, p < 0.001). Chinese women had more than 4-fold higher risk of receiving mastectomy. In the last 2 years, the rates of breast-conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy at the Chinese institution increased from 15 to 23%, and from 33 to 42%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tumour features and surgical strategies for premenopausal breast cancer may differ significantly between Italy and China. Since the international exchange program, patients from the Chinese institution have been offered more frequently less invasive surgery. International exchange programs can help in designing epidemiological studies which may be useful for strategies to improve breast cancer management and control.

Inflammatory cell indexes as preoperative predictors of hospital stay in open elective thoracic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Shorter and safer hospital stay (HS) is a desired outcome for patients undergoing thoracic surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive capacity of a series of pre-defined inflammatory cell indexes based on preoperative complete blood counts, towards length of HS in open elective thoracic surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 157 consecutive patients undergoing open elective thoracic surgery. Preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte, platelet to lymphocyte and lymphocyte to monocyte ratios were calculated, and the red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume were registered. In addition, the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and a further derivative index, the aggregate inflammation systemic index (AISI) were calculated. RESULTS: Statistically significant and positive correlations were observed between HS and SIRI, and between HS and AISI. In multiple logistic regression analysis, after dividing the patients in groups with normal and prolonged HS and adjusting for several confounders, only AISI was independently associated with HS. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that simple, inexpensive and widely available inflammatory cell indexes like SIRI and, particularly AISI, can be useful for the early identification of patients at risk of prolonged HS in open elective thoracic surgery.